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CASTING for the Original Cast Recording

April 2007, we will record the Demo Cast Recording.  Click here to listen:  

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~ In the Beginning ~

 

I am the Father and the Mother of the universe,
I am the Creator of all.  

Hindu,  Bhagavad Gita 9:17

 

I am the LORD your God...You shall have no other gods before me... 

for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God.  

Judaism, Exodus 20: 2,3,5

 

In no other antique society did religion occupy such a prominent position, because in no other antique society did man feel himself so utterly dependent upon the will of the gods.  

Assyriologist Georges Roux

 

 

The Fertility Goddess figurine called the "Venus of Willendorf", complete with swollen breasts, rounded midsection, and cushy thighs, all necessary to a woman near or after childbirth to nourish her baby... Ironically, these are the same fleshy, girly bits women today go to extreme measures to get rid of.

 

~ Big Mama ~

In Paleolithic and Neolithic cave sites in Europe, the oldest images ever  found have been of women (goddess figurines) with large hips, pendulous breasts, full abdomens, and exaggeratedly large vulvas, emphasizing their fertility and ability to give birth to life---figures that are over 28,000 years old.  The relationship between a woman's power to give birth, the elemental force of creation and the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth fascinated early man as much as it confounded him.  These mysteries (that were mysterious due to the lack of knowledge regarding anatomy, physiology, and the laws of nature, physics, and other sciences) were respected and revered.

The appreciation and awe of women and their inherent beauty and mysteries is evident by the artwork around the world from previous millennia.   

That is...before agricultural, matriarchal societies were taken over by nomadic, patriarchal societies, who had little appreciation of women at all, and feared rather than respected the inherent mysteries of Woman.

Images of goddesses can still be found in places of worship.  The Hindu goddess Kali still adorns temples in India, and the Gaelic Goddess Sheela-Na-Gig is still seen today on the 11th century church in Kilpeck, England.    

But times changed...

Hindu Goddess Kali giving birth to the Universe (India)

 

The rise of the Roman Empire brought patriarchal society and government to the peoples of Europe.  When Emperor Constantine established Christianity as the State Religion of Rome (based on the outcome of a bet), Christianity brought its patriarchal Middle Eastern religion and culture to Europe.  The agricultural, goddess-oriented cultures that respected a woman's ability to give life (and therefore respected the parts of her anatomy that accomplished this) began to diminish under the pressure of the Roman Church's "convert or die" mentality and limitless misogyny.  

The goddess governed life, death, and rebirth and was a protector against evil--- tasks coveted by the Church.

It wasn't until the Witch Trials of the Roman Catholic Church and its Inquisition---who preached the vulva of the Goddess figure was the doorway to the Devil---that natural passions and the woman's body became evil...Hence, the beginning of the Church tying women, sex, and the Devil in a twisted Catholic ménage à trois.  

Gaelic Goddess Sheela Na Gig representing the portal of birth, death, and rebirth (Ireland)

 

Images of the primordial Goddess, the life-giver, the nurturer, and the epitome of all that is fertile and  abundant have existed since the beginning of man's metamorphosis from thick-skulled hairless ape to cerebral intellect of today.  

http://www.theintuitivetarot.com/Intuitive_tarot_majors.htmhttp://www.jenea.com/art/tarot/majors/03theempress.htmhttp://www.pamarama.com/tarot/empress.html"Madonna Litta" by Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1490

The first four images are of the Empress card from various decks of the tarot, a means of self-discovery based on several traditions, including Hebrew mysticism found in the Kabbalah.  The Empress corresponds to Binah on the Hebrew Tree of Life and represents all that is creative, loving, and productive, as indicated by her abdomen round with pregnancy or her swollen breasts nourishing her child.  The last image is a Renaissance painting of a Hebrew girl, Miriam, nursing her baby, Yeshua.

From the times of the Romans, symbols of strength, aggression, destruction, and domination were preferred over those espousing the qualities of being gentle, soft, protective, and productive.  While art depicting the nude human body was nothing new in Roman times, archaeologists unearthing Pompeii were surprised to find veritable shrines to the male phallus in homes and businesses.  Throughout the Roman Empire, Greece, China, Japan, and India, the phallus earned its own aesthetic, its own rituals, shrines, and holidays.  In fact, the words "testament", "testify", and "testimony" all stem from the Hebrew practice of a man swearing an oath by holding his testicles.  The ancient phallus lives on as frescoes, wind-chimes, door-knockers, gong (with removable phallus), bowls, jewelry, and of course, statues.  

1st century Greek statue1st century Roman sign - "Happiness Dwells Here"1st century Greek StatueIndia, Mathura, Kankali Tila, free-standing linga, Pre-Kushana phase 2, c. 1st century BCEBronze Tintinnabulum, Herculaneum, 1st century BCE...Gives new meaning to Poe's line, "the tintinnabulation of the bells, bells, bells, bells, bells, bells, bells"...

Meanwhile...

As the Goddess-oriented, woman-friendly cultures went underground for a couple thousand years, the rise of Man was more than evident.  On the old pagan/Celtic sites devoted to Goddess-worship, the Church erected linear churches dedicated to the Virgin Mary.  To this day, buildings, church steeples, mosque spires, and vainglorious monuments to Self and "Progress" tend to strike a vertical profile, leaving the rounded bairns and earthen domes of old Goddess-worship sites---reminiscent of full breasts and a full belly pregnant with child---were left to fade into the forgotten past.

Eiffel Tower, FranceFountain, ChicagoPenis Going To Temple - Kanamara Penis Festival is held in Japan every April 15th to bless couples with getting pregnant as well as raise awareness of AIDS and HIV.Washington MonumentBuckingham Fountain, ChicagoDisney World, Magic Kingdom at night

Vertical representations of the phallus and what it does best.

~ Good vs. Evil ~

 

 

God cannot be both all good and all powerful. If God is all good and we see that evil exists, then we must conclude that God is not all powerful. On the other hand if God is all powerful and evil exists, we must conclude that God is not all good..

English philosopher David Hume

 

 

 

Such dichotomy and a lack of understanding of the laws or Nature made living at anytime before Einstein difficult.  Not being able to understand the how's and why's of physics, weather patterns, and the anatomy and physiology of the human body led the masses to believe some rather impossible things in regard to particularly harsh winters, droughts or flooding, or birth defects, cancer, and "women's" problems...and the "experts" of the time were just as clueless.

The European medieval times are called the "Dark" Ages for a reason.  With only 1% of the population in the clergy and another 1% making up the nobility, that left 98% of everybody else to comprise the peasants/workers/ serfs/slaves forced to work the nobles' and the clergy's land.

With most official transactions and edicts written in Latin (and occasionally Greek), that 98% of the population who couldn't afford tutors and a day's off from working the land simply had to take the word of a translator about any document.  This included the Bible.

Masses spoken in Latin, scrolls and edicts written in Latin, were gibberish to the 98%.  Such marvelous inventions as stained glass windows for churches were a superficial attempt at educating the masses.  The stained glass windows portrayed stories and famous figures from the Bible so the 98% could look at the pretty pictures and get the drift of it.  Of course, if the Church had really wanted the people to understand what was really written in the Bible, the Church would have taught the 98% how to read...but I digress...

With books, magazines, PDA'S, iPods, and of course, the internet at our fingertips, the greatest invention of human history is often forgotten.  The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg was crucial to the beginning of the Renaissance and all the revolutions that stemmed from the 98% emerging from the darkness of ignorance and illiteracy to the enlightenment of being able to read, write, and think for themselves.

While China, Japan, and Korea had used block printing since the 8th and 9th centuries, wood block printing did not appear in Europe until the 14th century.  With Gutenberg's invention of the printing press c. 1450, mass production of information was available for the first time...A story could happen and be posted around town, hot of the first presses, in a relatively short period of time.  This forced the 98% to begin the journey of learning to read, so they could stay "in the know".  

  • Side Note:  My 11th/12th grade religion teacher was a born-again Hippie.  A former seminarian turned religion teacher, he had withdrawn from the seminary the day before he was supposed to take Final Vows.  I will never forget the day he said---perhaps to see if we were sleeping in class--- that "the purpose of the Church is to become obsolete".  I almost fell out of my chair.  It was then that I had a revelation...a revelation that was confirmed upon my involvement with a medieval re-enactment group.  A great deal of the Church's power lay in their supremacy in the areas of education.  Once the 98% could read the Bible for themselves, they could interpret the Bible for themselves, rendering the need for the Middle Man (the priest and all clergy) impotent.  If people can think for themselves they don't need someone else telling them what to think...This spelled bad news for the Church.  

With the trade routes to the East opened up by Marco Polo in the 13th century, influences from other parts of the world drifted into Europe and introduced such exotics as sugar, silks, and spices to the bland, dowdy Europeans.  With the Visitors tempting the Home team with such luxuries, the Church became nervous and lashed out.  By positively sheer coincidence, the 13th century also marked the first Witch trial on record in 1234, and began the centuries of attacks and accusations on village women, political and religious dissenters, non-Christians, and anyone else they needed to persecute to preserve their status as the Almighty on Earth. 

  • Side Note:  The last "witch trial" on record was in England in 1944.  Doing the math, that's 710 years of innocent people being persecuted.

~ Extreme Makeover ~

All in a days' work for the Inquisitors

 

Buddies of the Church until Friday, October 13, 1307.

 

The burning of Jacques de Molay and other Templars October 13, 1307.

Over the years, people who were "different" (with deformities, birth defects, scars from accidents), political and religious dissenters, and women who were independent (especially independently wealthy) were the usual targets for the Church and its holy war against anyone who challenged its authority.

The first Witch Trial on record was conducted by the Roman Catholic Church's Inquisition in 1234 near Treves, France.   At some places,  entire cities were destroyed, such as Beziers, home to the Cathars who proclaimed such heresies as the purely spiritual form of Christ was never mortal and the equality of the sexes.  When the town was taken, the commanding general asked the Inquisitor how his soldiers could distinguish good Christian citizens from the Cathar heretics.  The Inquisitor replied, "Kill them all, God will recognize his own!"

The Church sent its missionaries and warrior monks into cities, towns, and villages across Europe and the Middle East in its effort to root out heathens, heretics, infidels, and anyone who might be in league with Satan.  

"Racial profiling"---judging a person as a criminal or dissenter simply because of the way he looks---was one of the best ways to accuse someone of misdeeds.  People who looked "different" (the elderly, the deformed, most any woman, the Romani/Gypsies, Jews, Africans) were usually targeted by Europeans as troublemakers, witches, sorcerers, etc...basically, people not to be trusted.  As Western Europe came to power in the Middle Ages, all things "Western" became the benchmark by which all things were measured: religion, science, beauty, and art.

With the "either-or" mentality of medieval religion, something was either good or bad, white or black...thus beginning the notion that anything good must be white, and anything dark (or black) must be bad or evil.  White skin was favored over dark (olive or African), fair hair was preferred to dark hair (or hair that might indicate lineage to the Romani/Gypsies or worse, the Jews).  

This way of thinking changed the iconography in the churches as the image of Jesus changed from Middle Eastern/African to Eastern European, painting him to look like Zeus, and ultimately, ending on the fair-skinned, fair-haired white guy piously contemplating heavenly matters--and don't forget the lily-white hands...(These are all very curious features for a guy from the desert, who was a carpenter and stone mason, who did not think twice about throwing around tables and money-boxes)...

  • Side Note: This is a quote from actor Robert Powell who portrayed Jesus in the 1977 mini-series by Franco Zeffirelli, "Jesus of Nazareth": 

"I'm reading the Gospels at the moment and I can find no evidence of the kind of Christ people seem to have invented and created. There is no evidence of Christ, meek and mild. I can find Christ the compassionate, the gentle, but I also find a very temperamental, aggressive, passionate and often angry man a lot of the time."

 


Actor Robert Powell who portrayed Jesus in Franco Zeffirelli's 1977 mini-series, "Jesus of Nazareth"

 

 

Jesus Before his Makeover:

6th century representation of Jesus, with olive skin-tone and brown eyes530 CE, mosaic of Jesus in RomeModern representation of Jesus based on a 1st century Galilean skull

Notice the olive or dark skin, dark eyes, curly or kinky hair, peasant clothing...

Jesus After:

White JesusAnother White JesusJesus in Stained Glass at the First United Methodist Church of Ellensburg, WA"Buddy Jesus" from the movie "Dogma"

Now Jesus enjoys light skin, fair eyes, manageable tresses,  jewel-encrusted garments with gold thread embroidery, and a bejeweled crown that can be worn without matching sandals this season...

Jesus never asked to be made into the likeness of white Europeans... 

or for people who follow his teachings to discriminate against others based upon what they look like.

He also never asked for murder, rape, racism, injustice, genocide, or  corruption to be committed in his name.

 

 

Madonna and Child Before:

The "Black Madonna" 

As the story goes, the Black Madonna was painted by St. Luke the Evangelist as Mary told him about the life of Jesus, which he later incorporated into his gospel.  In 326 CE, the painting was found in Jerusalem by St. Helen and was later brought westward where it ended up in Czestochowa, Poland, in 1382.  Supposedly, the painting is known as the "Black Madonna" because of soot residue from centuries of votive lights and candles burning in front of the painting...It is interesting to note that only the skin of the Madonna and Child turned black and not their clothing or adornments....hmmmmm....

Madonna and Child After:

The familiar medieval European image of Madonna and Child...    

Now that Jesus and Mary had been transformed from dark-skinned peasants from the desert into nobles: white and wealthy, any person who was not copasetic to this aesthetic automatically qualified for persecution.

~ Searching for WMD's ~

(Witches of Mass Destruction)

All witchcraft comes from carnal lust, which is in women insatiable . . . . To the understanding it is sufficiently clear that it is no matter for wonder that there are more women than men found infected with the heresy of witchcraft . . . . And blessed be the Highest Who has so far preserved the male sex from so great a crime: for since He was willing to be born and to suffer for us, therefore He has granted to men this privilege.

Malleus Maleficarum

 

Written in 1486---in Latin---by Dominican friars Jakob Sprenger and Heinrich Kramer, the Malleus Maleficarum (the "Hammer of the Witches") provided in horribly descriptive detail the methods of searching for witches, the limitless lengths to which any respectable witch hunter would interrogate and torture an accused witch, and how properly to execute a witch.  So popular was this book in the Middle Ages that its publication was second only to Gutenberg's Bible...yes, the printing press has its ugly history, too.

It was such a success that in the 17th century, a sequel, the Copendium Maleficarum, was written by Francesco Maria Guazzo, further fueling the fire in the Church's search for witches and heretics.

Pope Gregory IX (1227-1241) sent Conrad of Marburg to Germany and gave him unlimited power in rounding up, prosecuting, and executing all people suspected of witchcraft.  Even the Archbishops in three provinces begged the pope to stop the sadistic deeds of Conrad.  The Archbishop of Mayence wrote a letter to the Pope:
  • Whoever fell into his hands had only the choice between a ready confession for the sake of saving his life and a denial, whereupon he was speedily burnt. Every false witness was accepted, but no just defense granted---not even to people of prominence. The person arraigned had to confess that he was a heretic, that he had touched a toad, that he had kissed a pale man, or some monster. Many Catholics suffered themselves to be burnt innocently rather than confess to such vicious crimes, of which they knew they were not guilty. The weak ones, in order to save their lives lied about themselves and other people, especially about such prominent ones whose names were suggested to them by Conrad. Thus brothers accused their brothers, wives their husbands, servants their masters.

Alberici Monachi chron. ad. a. 1233, from  The History of the Devil by Paul Carus [1900]

http://www.sacred-texts.com/evil/hod/hod16.htm#fn_170

Such brutal measures by medieval Inquisitors and Judges with their tortures and false promises, turning family and friends on each other, would happen time and time again in Europe and elsewhere.  Salem's version of Conrad was a minister by the name of Rev. Cotton Mather, who spent most of his waking hours writing and preaching about the heathen deeds of Witches, how to spot a Witch, and how best to "deal" with a Witch.

Inquisitors torturing prisoners...

On May 15, 1252, Pope Innocent IV issued a papal bull entitled ad extirpanda, which authorized the use of torture by the Inquisitors.  Though these horrific deeds carried out in the name of God and country occurred during the "Dark Ages", the use of torture by sadistic soldiers to humiliate prisoners is still practiced today. 

Inquisitors torturing prisoners.

Period Engraving of the Trial of Rebecca Nurse.

 

 

 

 

Recent scholarly research on the subject of women being targeted for Witchcraft concludes:
  • Robert Muchembled’s 1972 case study of the witch trials, however, helped lay the foundation for future research on gender analysis.  Muchembled tied “female oppression to the sexual repression of the Catholic and Protestant Reformations” by pointing to harsher laws enacted to discourage “prenuptial pregnancy, bastardy, and adultery, with heavier penalties against women than men.” Muchembled’s research reveals contemporary views on female sexuality: women incurred stiffer punishments for promiscuity than men, which indicated that males believed females to be less trustworthy, unable to curtail emotions, and therefore more prone to intimate liaisons.   Further, tougher disciplinary measures for women may have implied a sexual insecurity among males, which could be dealt with by controlling female actions under the guise of the judicial system.  Historians, for the most part, have neglected to connect the increased subjugation of women during the early modern period to the witch trials.  The trials were public, presided over by men, and were, in part, a way to condition female behavior.  “During this era, more women were killed for [practicing] witchcraft than for all other capital crimes put together,” which indicates the degree of power women were thought to possess.

Cavett, Debra Lynn.  "The Witchcraze: Analyzing the Changing Roles of Women 

in Early Modern Society."

According to Jo Wainer in her paper, "Witches and Women In Medicine": 

  • There were three core accusations against women which structured the witch burnings. They centered on:

1- Women were sexual beings

2- Women were organized

3- Women had magical powers to affect health

Wainer, Jo.  The Critical Methods Collective"Witches and Women in Medicine". 1997.  http://www.criticalmethods.org/jo.htm.

 

Muslim woman in the controversial burka.

 

Honor Killing of Ibtihaz Hasoun, stabbed to death by her brother for marrying outside of their village, thereby shaming their family.

Side Note:  To this day in Middle Eastern countries, a woman who has had sex with a man before marriage is seen as having shamed her family, making it the family's responsibility to restore their honor by commissioning an "honor killing" of the woman.  

  • The allegation alone is enough to defile a man's or family's honor and is therefore enough to justify the killing of the woman...Honor killings have been reported in Bangladesh, Brazil, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Morocco, Pakistan, Sweden, Turkey, Uganda and the United Kingdom...Honor killing is actually a pre-Islamic, tribal custom stemming from the patriarchal and patrilineal society's interest in keeping strict control over familial power structures.

Katz, Nikki.  Women's Issues.  "What You Need to Know About Honor Killings".  04 Nov 2003.  http://womensissues.about.com/cs/honorkillings/a/honorkillings.htm

 

  • The roots of honor killing are ancient and pre-Islamic. At (one) memorial service, women listened to chants from the Koran saying, "In the day of judgment, Allah will ask, why do you kill innocent women?"

  Walter Rodgers.  CNN.  "Honor Killings: A Brutal Tribal Custom".  07 Dec 1995. 

www2.cnn.com/WORLD/ 9512/honor_killings

Side Note 2:  A couple of years ago, a woman from Africa made international headlines when she had an affair with a married man and was sentenced to be stoned to death by the town.  It turns out that she was pregnant with the married man's child, so the stoning was delayed until after she gave birth and had weaned the baby.  During her pregnancy, she went into hiding.  The local government sent government officials to find her and bring her back for her stoning to restore the dignity of the town.  There was no punishment for the married man, who kept his job, his wife, and other children, as if, for him, nothing had ever happened.

~ She-Devils ~ 

Witches were accused of anything and everything that could not be readily explained in the not-so-nimble minds of 17th century farmers.  If there was a drought, the village woman (read: witch) did it.  If there was too much rain and crops died, the local outcast must have done it.  If a farmer's cow or ox suddenly keeled over, a witch "must" have hexed the creature.  

Illness, disease, birth defects, debilitating joint and muscle conditions, stillbirths, farming problems, bad crops, strange weather patterns, and invisible spectres (who attacked people in bed at night so there were no witnesses to deny the accuser's accusation) were just a few of the maladies associated with the accused witches.  These "witches" were thought to be under the influence of devilish and alcoholic spirits, having signed a compact with the Devil, and met with him in Bacchial banquets of lust and fornication..

Witchcraft???.........Sounds more like a frat party...      

"Lilith" by John Collier

Lilith has been an interesting character from the days of ancient mythos and has inspired the artistry of Rosetti, Waterhouse, and Dali, to name a few.  

Lillitu as portrayed as a demon who devours her children.  

Those who might be in league with the Devil, according to Catholic and Puritan thought:

  • Beautiful Women – because the Devil is attracted to beauty...

  • Ugly Women – because ugly women couldn’t hope for anything better...

  • Fat Women – because the Devil needed succulent morsels for his evil nourishment...

  • Thin Women – because they used to be fat morsels, having since been drained by the Devil feeding off of them...

  • Married Women – because women are capable of multiple orgasms, they drain their poor husbands during copulation, and only the Devil has the lustful energy to satisfy them...

  • Widowed Women – because their husbands are dead, and only the Devil is capable of fulfilling their lustful passions for multiple orgasms...

  • Unmarried Young Women – because they are forbidden to have premarital sex with a man, so the Devil is the only one available for satisfying their young, vibrant need for fornication...and multiple orgasms...

  • Elderly Women – because they are old and no sane man would give them any attention, they have no choice but to seek "relations" with the Devil to satisfy their ravenous antiquarian orgasmic appetites...  

Side Note:  According to legend and a couple of ancient writings, Lilith, the much-debated first wife of Adam (you know, of Adam and Eve), was a passionate being, to say the least.  Adam and Lilith were created from dust at the same time, not one from or before the other...remember the phrase, "dust to dust"?  When she demanded that wimpy Adam grow up and be more of a man for her, he was unable to rise to the occasion.  Wanting her voice and her concerns heard, Lilith dared to speak the unspeakable name of God to demand something be done about the situation.  God did not listen, so Lilith chose to leave the Garden of Eden.  God sent two angels after her to bring her back, but she refused.  At some point in the fusion of myth and morality tales, Lilith became a demon, as did any woman who was passionate and opinionated, and who did not submit to the wishes of her "father" and "husband".  Today, Lilith is regarded as a huge role model by many modern Jewish feminists, while still reviled by many others, particularly fundamental Christians.

The modern image of a Witch as a creature of lust and/or destruction is evident here on this Blackburn Buccaneer aircraft used by the Royal Air Force (Britain) during the Gulf War, tallying its bombing missions over Bahrain in 1991.

Photo copyright John Cotterill

Period Engraving of Salem Witch Trial presided over by Magistrate John Hathorne.

In Europe and in Salem, Witchcraft was a felony sex-crime... The Massachusetts Bay Colony was a theocracy, meaning the religious and the governmental authorities were one and the same in Salem.  The notion of witches consorting sexually with the Devil was considered adultery, a heinous religious crime, and therefore warranted being a felony, the highest category of secular crime.

 

The reasons why sex with the Devil was adultery:

  • A Married Woman – committed adultery with the Devil against her husband...

  • A Widowed Woman – committed adultery with the Devil against her dead husband to whom she was still legally married until she remarried another man...

  • An Unmarried Woman – committed adultery against the man (whoever he was) she would one-day marry (whenever that was)...  

Hathorne's grandson, would later add a "w" to his last name to distance himself from the Magistrate's legacy as a Judge in the Salem Witch Trials.  The grandson, Nathaniel, would go on to write "The Scarlet Letter", about a woman who has an affair with a minister in the Salem Witch Trial era,  and  "The House of the Seven Gables", which was based on the "Witch House" in Salem, seen below.

Known today as "The Witch House", "Corwin House" was the first place the first accused witches in Salem were brought for torture.  It was the home of John Corwin, one of the Magistrates in the Salem Witch Trials.

 

"Not to be deficient in this particular, the author has provided himself with a moral -- the truth, namely, that the wrongdoing of one generation lives into the successive ones."

Nathaniel Hawthorne

from "The House of the Seven Gables"

 

The “missionary position” was the only sexual position condoned by the Church (hence its name) because it makes the woman (on bottom) submissive and inferior to the position, the strength, and the will of the man (on top).  It was thought that anyone who copulated in any position other than “missionary” was under the influence of the Devil (especially “woman on top” positions) because it usurped the man’s "God-given" superiority and authority over the woman...
Rear-entry sexual positions were considered too animalistic for God-fearing persons...and possibly because rear-entry positions provide excellent stimulation of a woman’s “insides”, causing for much multiple-orgasm making (for the woman), thereby encouraging the lusty, wanton, womanly passions that would drain the poor man...  
  • According to the church, any sexual positions other than what is now termed the "missionary position" (with the man lying on top of the woman) could not be condoned and were considered "unnatural."  Intercourse a tergo, or from the rear, implied a similar threat; it was considered "beastly," and thus it confused the boundaries between human and animal behavior.

Brundage, James A. "Sex and Canon Law." Handbook of Medieval Sexuality

Vern L. Bullough and James A. Brundage, eds. New York: Garland, 1996.  

 

http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Italian_Studies/dweb/society/sex/

sexual-positions.shtml  

Anal and oral sexual practices were also considered unacceptable to Church authorities, but for a slightly different reason. These were seen as acts against nature...because neither could possibly lead to procreation, which was considered the primary - and according to many purists the only - purpose of sexual interactions. Anal and oral intercourse were simply a means for sexual gratification, which the majority of canonists and theologians viewed as sinful in itself...Some strange opinions existed regarding non-standard positions that could in fact lead to procreation (such as sex from behind). For example, suggestions that children conceived in "unnatural" positions might experience birth defects can be found in the famous thirteenth-century treatise De Secretis Mulierum (The Secrets of Women).

Brundage, James A. Law, Sex, and Christian Society in Medieval Europe. 

Chicago: the University of Chicago Press, 1987.

http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Italian_Studies/dweb/society/sex/

sexual-positions.shtml

 

The De Secretis Mulierum (The Secrets of Women) was supposedly written by a German natural philosopher by the name of Albertus Magnus.  Modern scholars doubt this and have dubbed the author "Psuedo-Albertus".

  • The text also contains some inescapably misogynistic ideas, such as the belief that...children conceived by menstruating women "tend to have epilepsy and leprosy because menstrual matter is extremely venemous" (Pseudo-Albertus, 129).  

Heckel, N. M.  "Sex, Society, and Medieval Women".  Exhibition in the 

Rossell Hope Robbins Library, September 2004 through November 2004.   http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/medsex/text.htm  

Then, as today, women's health was a mystery to most.  Wise women---the homeopathic village-doctors who tended all ailments from before birth to after death---were seen as suspicious by male-dominated religions and governments.  While the authority figures preferred the misinformation about women's bodies as written by ignorant men, knowledgeable books written by women about women were looked down upon:    

  • The opening of the Trotula, a treatise on women's health supposedly written by a female physician educated at Salerno in the eleventh or twelfth century, notes this problem and claims to attempt to alleviate it. The Trotula focuses exclusively on women's health, discussing everything from conception and birthing to uterine growths and irregular menses. Like many other medical treatises, the Trotula generally remains judgment-free, commenting even on morally questionable practices such as abortion without anything more than a token gesture towards ethical considerations. A Hebrew book on women's health, The Book of Women's Love, also contains passages on abortion as well as some on birth control. Hebrew medical texts are interesting on this topic because Jewish law has been interpreted in such a way as to permit not only abortion but also contraception.

    Heckel, N. M.   "Sex, Society, and Medieval Women".  Exhibition in the Rossell Hope Robbins Library, September 2004 through November 2004.  http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/medsex/text.htm

"Examination of a Witch" by T. H. Mattheson, 1892

Judges and Witch Hunters took their duty of examining accused Witches with great fervor.

 

 

~ The General & his Privates ~

  • The body search by the deviant, sadistic men in charge of the trials and examinations was central to the belief in the witch's mark, a "supernumerary nipple or other spot where a witch suckled her familiar"---Any wart, mole, or skin growth on the accused's body might be identified as a “Devil's mark” or “witch's tit”.

  • Many women were condemned as witches through genital examinations:  “The Devil's marks . . . be often in their secretest parts, and therefore require diligent and careful search."

  • The genital search was extensively used in witch trials on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, in the hopes of finding "marks . . . between her thys and her body", or as in Salem, where three women were condemned because of "a preternatural excrescence of flesh between the pudendum and the anus, much like teats, and not usual in women".

  • Ignorance of female anatomy and female sexuality was the prevalent cause of women being condemned as witches. 

  • In Switzerland, after prosecutors discovered a “devil's mark” on a woman’s genitals, the woman informed them, “If this was a sign of witchcraft, many women would be witches”. 

  • In 1648, an accused witch explained a “mark” on her genitals as “a tear left over from a difficult childbirth".  However, the Witchfinder General did not believe this, as episiotomy scars and hemorrhoids were not a believable excuse to him.  

from http://www.shanmonster.com/witch/misogyny.html

~ Free Willy ~

 

"The male equivalent of clitoridectomy would be the  amputation of most of the penis."

Semra Asefa

It is an understatement to say the Church, its Witch Hunters, and Inquisitors were fascinated by genitalia.  Exploring an accused Witch's "privates" and "insides" during examinations, then mutilating these same "parts" during torture sessions filled their schedules, their writings, and their church sermons. 

The religious fanatics' clitoral tunnel vision occasionally paused long enough for them to look down...at their own "member"...Sex with a passionate woman was bad enough as such copulation drained the man's "member" of his energy... Supposedly, being under a Witch’s enchantment could also cause impotence in a man, or even the disappearance of the penis itself... Penis-thievery was a witch-crime detailed in the Malleus Maleficarum.

Occasionally, castration and/or banishment were the penalty for witchcraft for persons with abnormal genitalia, i.e., hermaphrodites. The 17th-century physician Nicholas Culpeper wrote that the cure for such a disorder was to "cut it off, or tie it with a ligature of Silk of Horsehair, till it mortifie".

Thompson, Janet A. Wives, Widows, Witches & Bitches: Women in 17th Century Devon.  New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc. 1993.

For a woman whose clitoris was larger than normal, she might be spared her life, if she submitted to having her clitoris amputated...  

 http://www.shanmonster.com/witch/misogyny.html

  • Side Note:  The "Father of Gynaecology", Dr. Marion Sims, was a nineteenth-century American surgeon who developed the Sims speculum still in use today. He developed a valuable technique for vesicovaginal repair by experimenting on slave women, and other surgical techniques by experimenting on poor and indigent women in New York.  From 1845 to 1849, Dr. Sims operated repeatedly on seven slave women he kept in a backwoods 'hospital', perfecting his technique, operating without anaesthesia, up to 30 times on each woman. In his own words, he said the operations were so painful that "none but a woman could have borne them." 

Sims was part of a tradition which used surgery to keep women under control. In the late nineteenth century and even up until 1946, there was extensive use of ovariectomy for psychological disorder. Indications included epilepsy, nymphomania, hysteria and "ovarian insanity"...

Wainer, Jo.  The Critical Methods Collective"Witches and Women in Medicine". 1997.  http://www.criticalmethods.org/jo.htm

Scully, D.  Men Who Control Women's Health.  Boston:  Houghton Mifflin Co., 1980.

  • Side Note 2: To this day, genital mutilation in the form of clitorectomy ---the amputation of the clitoris and the major and minor labia on girls between the ages of 5-12---is a common practice in 28 countries in the Middle East and Africa to prevent them from enjoying their natural gifts of being sexually fulfilled, passionate women...Says one father in Man, on the Ivory Coast of Africa:

"If your daughter has not been excised, the father is not allowed to speak at village meetings," he said. "No man in the village will marry her. It is an obligation. We have done it, we do it and we will continue to do it. She has no choice. I decide. Her viewpoint is not important."

The Waking Bear.  "Genital Mutilation Common in 28 African & Middle Eastern Nations".  2005. http://wakingbear.com/africa1.htm

Some 228,000 girls and young women in the United States are said to be at high risk of having the procedure performed...Those who have the procedure performed are at risk of permanent disability and premature death, the Boston researchers said in a statement.  The procedure has been performed on more than 130 million women worldwide...

Health Central.  "Study Cites Growing Risk of Female Circumcision".  2005. http://www.healthcentral.com/newsdetail/408/1505786.html

12th century manuscript showing a pilgrim, Girard, possessed by the Devil (after "consorting" with a woman) and cutting off his "member".

 

~ Religion in the Colonies ~

Page 14 from the Capital Laws of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.  The  explanation of Capital Laws on this page: 1 - Idolatry, 2 - Witchcraft, 3 - Blasphemy, 4 - Premeditated Murder, 5 - Non-Premeditated Murder, 6 - Murder by Poisoning, 7 - Bestiality.

Period engraving of

"The Hanging of Bridget Bishop"

Puritans were English Protestants who wished to reform and purify the Church of England of what they considered to be unacceptable residues of Roman Catholicism.  Theologically, the Puritans were "non-separating Congregationalists."  But the legacy of dogmatic religion and the persecution of those who did not share their beliefs followed the Reformers and the non-Separatists in their schism from the Church.

The "business" of the first settlers, a Puritan minister recalled in 1681, "was not Toleration, but [they] were professed enemies of it." Puritans expelled dissenters from their colonies, a fate that in 1636 befell Roger Williams and in 1638 Anne Hutchinson, America's first major female religious leader.

Mary Dyer first ran afoul of Massachusetts authorities for supporting theological dissenter Anne Hutchinson.  Forced to move to Rhode Island in 1638, Dyer returned to New England three times, getting arrested each time.  Returning to Massachusetts a fourth time, she was hanged on June 1, 1660.

The colony of Rhode Island was founded on the basis of religious tolerance, and by 1658, even Jews had arrived in Newport seeking religious liberty.  The Colony of Maryland was founded as a refuge for European Catholics. 

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel01-2.html

Criminal laws in the early New England colonies were based on Judeo-Christian scriptures, especially the Old Testament.  Many civil laws and procedures were modeled after the English common law.

The Puritans enforced their strict doctrine on everyone within their grasp.  The agricultural Puritans worked their fields 12-14 hours a day six days a week, then spent eight hours in church on Sundays, listening to the fire and brimstone of the local minister.  While such societal and religious claustrophobia does not seem like an ideal environment for the Witch craze that ensued, being shut off from anything remotely fun, open-minded, and pleasurable was the perfect petri dish for the cancerous cells of hysteria and fear to germinate.

~ "Nothin' Left But the Screamin' " ~

"The right to corporal punishment exercised by one man over another is one of the evils that afflicts society, it is a sure means to smother any seed of civilization and to cause it to decompose."
F. Dostoyevsky

 

 

~ Torture ~

"Although in ordinary cases torture might be a last resort, in the exceptional crime of witchcraft it was often seen as society's first and only instrument."

Joseph Klaits

The strappado, the thumbscrews, the Iron Maiden, and the rack, were used on men as well as women.  However, some forms of torture were contrived just for women.    

Rape was not an official method for gaining information from the accused women, but it was rampant in witches' prisons, nonetheless.  One trial in Germany, revealed the following testimony:

  • An accused witch’s “jailer had tricked her into turning over her jewelry and granting him sexual favors in return for a false promise to spare her from torture. Soon afterward, the jailer was caught and tried for bribery and breaking the secrecy of court proceedings. His trial revealed widespread rape of imprisoned women and the existence of an extortion racket whereby guards sold names to torture victims who desperately needed people to accuse of complicity in witchcraft. Such corruption among jailers must have been common when prisons themselves were a kind of torture, especially for those too poor to buy food and warm clothing from the turnkey.

Klaits, Joseph.  Servants of Satan: The Age of the Witch Hunts. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 1985.

The Strappado

 

 

 

The Iron Maiden

 

 

The Breast Ripper...the name says it all... The less common cousin of the Breast Ripper was the Testicle Ripper.

 

In her essay, "The Witching Hours" © 1998 , Shantell Powell notes that legal torture permitted men to make gratuitous sexual advances and perform horrific experiments upon the women, including: 

  • When one executioner prepared a woman already condemned for the stake, he examined her interior parts, mouth, and "parties honteuses" (shameful parts)...

  • When a woman was whipped, she was stripped to the waist, her breasts bared to the public’s eye.

  • To force a confession, a priest might apply hot fat to the accused’s eyes, her armpits, her stomach, her thighs, her elbows, and inside her vagina.

  • Mastectomy was a rare form of torture, that gained popularity in the Germanic states in the 16th-century.  After already being tortured with the strappado, a public demonstration was in order. In one case, Anna Pappenheimer was stripped, her flesh torn off with red-hot pincers, and her breasts cut off with the implement called the "Breast Ripper".

“…the bloody breasts were forced into her mouth and then into the mouths of her two grown sons. A contemporary torture manual recorded that "the female breasts are extremely sensitive, on account of the refinement of the veins. This fiendish punishment was thus used as a particular torment to women. But it was more than physical torture: by rubbing the severed breasts around her sons' lips, the executioner made a hideous parody of her role as mother and nurse, imposing an extreme humiliation upon her”.  

Barstow,  Anne  Llewellyn.  Witchcraze: A New History of the European 

Witch Hunts.  New York:  Pandora,  1994.  

The Pear - the vaginal use was devised just for women.

The Pear, also called the "Choke Pear" and the "Pope's Pear" because they were used so often to torture accused witches, had pointed prongs at the end of the segments designed to rip into the throat, the intestines, or the cervix.  The vaginal use was devised for women who had been found guilty of sexual union with the Devil or his familiars.

  • Pears were used orally, anally, and vaginally for torture, most notoriously on those accused of witchcraft.  Upon insertion, a key was turned, causing spikes to emerge from the pear and wedge it in the victim, ensuring it could not be removed.

Wikipedia

Pressing was both a death sentence and a means of drawing out confessions. Adopted as a judicial measure during the 14th century, pressing reached its peak during the reign of Henry IV.  In Salem, Pressing was used to extract a confession from Giles Corey, which never came.  Giles was pressed to death for refusing to confess to Witchcraft.  In Britain, pressing was not abolished until 1772.

The Chair - one of several versions of chairs covered in sharp metal spikes used in torture.

The Chair in action...

On the Rack, the victim was tied across a board by his ankles and wrists. Rollers at either end of the board were turned, pulling the body in opposite directions until dislocation of every joint occurred---a slow, mechanical version of drawing and quartering. This method was not used in